A century of family life: Eternal life since the Republic of China

The Chinese people's own Chinese pinyin movement began with the phonetic cutting movement in the last years of the Qing Dynasty.

After the Opium War, some patriotic intellectuals put forward the idea of saving the country through education, and Liang Qichao, Shen Xue, Lu Jianzhang, and Wang Zhao all unanimously pointed out that the difficulty of Chinese characters was the reason why education could not be popularized.

The phonetic alphabet schemes proposed in the phonetic cutting movement are diverse and dazzling, and can be roughly summarized into three major series:

Kana system: imitates Japanese kana, using Chinese radicals as pinyin symbols. Shorthand system: Shorthand symbols are used as pinyin symbols. Latin: The Latin alphabet is used as a phonetic symbol.

However, this does not mean that Huaxia does not have its own pinyin system.

Actually, there is.

The conservative and gentle Shang of the Tang Dynasty analyzed the initials and finals and tones of the Chinese initials, and found that there were about 30 initials, so they used 30 characters to represent the initials, and invented the 30 "letters" of "Bufang and Ming......".

Later, the people of the Song Dynasty added to the thirty-six "letters" of "helping and ming, non-perfunctory, micro-end, penetrating mud, knowing thoroughly, Cheng Niang, Jingqing, from the heart, shining through the bed, judging Zen, seeing the suspicious shadow of the stream, Yu Xiao, and the coming day", which is called the thirty-six letters.

The large number of reverse tangential characters is reduced to 36 initial representative characters, which is undoubtedly a great improvement in the phonetic pronunciation of Chinese characters.

It's just that these are not perfect.

And now Jiang Chen is preparing to figure out the entire Chinese pinyin system.

No matter how big the controversy of the pinyin system is in later generations, its effect can be completely affirmed.

This helps the learning of literacy with the help of pinyin, so that students can recognize new words and speed up the pace of literacy. If in the process of learning, if you encounter a new word you don't know, guide the students to spell a spell with the help of pinyin, read it, read it several times, and in the process of repeated spelling, students will learn Chinese characters and learn how to read words.

It is especially important for the popularization of knowledge.

Of course, today's pinyin, as unlikely as later generations.

The first thing is to determine the pronunciation.

That's not a big deal.

Since there is no influence from later generations, it is completely possible to intercept the Yayin of this era as the standard of the Chinese language.

This is followed by 6 single finals, then 23 initials, then 9 compound finals, 5 anterior nasal finals and 4 postnasal finals, and 16 overall pronunciation syllables.

Language, in any essence, is the same.

What's more, Jiang Chen now has a huge amount of resources and a huge talent pool.

In addition to more than a hundred.

He then gathered hundreds of linguists among them.

This includes Zhou Youguang, the father of modern pinyin.

In addition, Cao Bohan, Cao Xian, Cen Qixiang, Chen Chengze, Chen Gang, Chen Jianmin and other hundreds of people.

With Jiang Chen's summons.

Whoever it is, it is obvious that this will be given face.

And in this case.

The simplification of Chinese characters and the two major projects of phonetic pronunciation have begun in a grand manner.

Compared with simplified characters, the phonetics of Chinese characters are undoubtedly more important and complex.

The first thing is to take the sound.

Although it has been determined that it is Yayan, even if Yayan arrives in the Republic of China, there are various variants, and in this case, taking the sound has undoubtedly become extremely cumbersome.

Secondly, it is the confirmation of initials and finals.

And it's not that simple.

But the good thing.

There were enough experts gathered this time.

It's not impossible.

In addition, Jiang Chen has the experience of later generations, so he can completely assist.

It's just that it's not destined to be done in a day or two.

When the afterglow of 1934 gradually fell, and the time entered 1935, the work of Zhuyin continued.

Or even just a start.

In contrast, the simplification of Chinese characters has achieved certain results.

Subsequently, Jiang Chen submitted to Jinling.

In January 1935, the 29th ordinary meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the Chinese Language passed Jiang Chen's "Case for Searching for Simplified Chinese Characters Inherent and More Applicable" and submitted it to the Ministry of Education for implementation.

After the approval of the Ministry of Education, Qian Xuantong was entrusted to preside over the compilation of the "Simplified Chinese Character Spectrum".

In May 1935, Jinling Education published the "First Batch of Simplified Chinese Character List", which included a total of 324 vulgar characters, ancient characters and cursive characters.

This is also the first batch of simplified characters that have been thoroughly sorted out.

Compared with the simplified characters in history, the simplified characters that appear this time are more complete and complete.

Coupled with the joint name of Jiang Chen, a big coffee, and hundreds of language and writing experts, there is no big problem in passing and implementing.

Even the few objections were suppressed.

Of course, this is also because the simplified Chinese characters are extremely cautious this time, and the simplified Chinese characters that have really been perfected by these hundreds of experts are only more than 50 words, and the other simplified characters are traceable and can be traced in history.

It's not that they're too slow to work efficiently, it's based on the prudence of words and culture.

The simplification of words is not just a simple simplification, but also follows the traces of the words themselves.

If you want to think about the original trajectory, it is obviously not feasible to simplify it directly.

Unless Chinese characters really want to be Latinized, you still need to take your time.

In Jiang Chen's plan, the simplification of Chinese characters can be completed within thirty years.

To be able to execute it in 50 years is a blessing of cunning.

It can't be done overnight.

Fifty words a year, he even feels a little too much.

After all, words are nothing else.

Throughout thousands of years of history, it has only evolved to what it is today.

If you want to change the entire writing system in a short period of time, it is simply destroying civilization.

As for whether this long period of time will affect the rise of China.

Jiang Chen was not worried.

Today's China has not yet reached the time to rise, there is still time, at least forty years, this long time, there is time for them to take their time.

He also believes that in this era, they will have this time.

Of course, simplification can be slow.

Zhuyin still has to be on the agenda.

Jiang Chen's plan is to complete the phonetic pronunciation of Chinese characters within ten years.

By then, the real first batch of simplified characters will almost be able to be made.

When the time comes, it can be implemented in the world.

After all, there are not many Chinese characters, commonly used characters.

List of commonly used characters in modern Chinese: 2.500 words.

If it can be simplified to more than 1,500, it can basically be regarded as a batch, and in ten years, there is a high probability that it will be able to reach this value.

After all, even if it is more difficult to simplify this thing, but the common words are relatively simpler.

Ten years should be about the same.

Of course, the specific situation depends on the follow-up development.

Jiang Chen participated in it, and he only hoped that there would not be too many problems with the evolution of Chinese characters. (If you read a violent novel, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

At least don't have those detours from your previous life.

And that's not what he wanted to see.

As for the rest, it doesn't have much to do with him.

And Jiang Chen is concentrating on the evolution of Chinese characters, and the international situation is becoming more and more turbulent.

First of all, there is domestic. []

The domestic war is becoming more and more intense, and the bald head wants to unify the whole of China, but now his history is actually inferior, which leads to a stalemate.

The second is the island nation.

The heart of the island country, which was originally bent on invading, gradually stabilized, as if it had given up completely, and took a relaxed attitude and reached some cooperation with Jinling.

Even the northeast did not continue to invade.

Everything seems to be in a state of calm again.

And Jiang Chen's original prediction seemed to be wrong.

However, such a result.

Apparently the calm before the storm.

If you are traveling to an island country.

You can clearly see the changes in the entire island country.

Since 1934, the entire island nation has entered a state of full-scale war readiness.

Throughout the island country, military industrial enterprises have sprung up one after another, and huge shipyards are constantly producing warships.

On the airfield, fighter jets have already been produced.

Above education, invasion.

Perhaps it should be said that Greater East Asian Inclusion has become the foundation of education.

The entire island nation has entered active preparations.

Diplomacy.

The island nation has also been connected with Hans Cat at this time.

The alliance seems to be a matter of time.

And not surprisingly, in the next year, this alliance will be completely completed.

Once this is achieved, the island nation will no longer have the slightest estimate.......

After the September 18 Incident, the international situation had undergone profound and complicated changes, especially the appeasement policies adopted by the major countries against the island countries' aggression against China, just as these countries had treated Hans Cats in Europe.

There is no way, a world war directly scared all the countries of Europe.

No one wants another world war.

But there are some things that are not a matter of what you want or don't want to do.

The more you fear something, the more it will happen.

The appeasement attitude of the League has made the island countries no longer afraid of the international community, and it has sent a wrong signal to the island countries, and the island countries that have tasted the sweetness have since gone further and further down the road of aggression.

War is imminent.

But now, in China, even three in North China, have gradually relaxed.

After all, with the turmoil in the Northeast, the entire Kwantung Army's oppression on them has also decreased a lot.

Although they were powerless to fight back, the only effective counterattack was caused by Jiang Chen's actions last year.

But for them, it is the best choice for the island nation not to continue to invade.

As I said before, maybe Zhang Dashuai is still bent on recovering his homeland, but the Northwest Army and the Jin Sui Army may not be.

For them, it is enough to continue to resist the invasion of the island nation.

And this situation also made the Republic of China relatively stable in 1935.

Although the war continues.

The infighting also continues.

But the overall environment is still relatively good.

This also promotes culture, further prosperity.

All kinds of remarks began to appear in this piece of Chinese land, and vaguely, there seemed to be a situation where a hundred schools of thought were contending.

Perhaps the only difference is that this contention of a hundred schools of thought carries a decline and a loneliness.

But fortunately, because of Jiang Chen's reasons.

In this kind of decay, there is no complete loss of self-confidence, but more self-confidence.

Under the hazy drizzle.

A middle-aged man smoked a cigarette in his hand, his eyes looked at the rain curtain and also at the sky.

The thin body, the yellow and white skin, seems to be as haggard as a patient recovering from a serious illness, but the spirit is very good, the whole person is refreshed, and the eyes are bright. His hair stood straight up, not a single one of them was dangling, all of them were that long, and above his head was a "dense forest." The most striking thing is his beard – very thick and very much like the character "one" in Lishu.

"Yucai, there seems to be a melancholy?"

A familiar voice sounded behind him, causing the man to turn his head and look at Jiang Chen's gaze.

"Mr. Jingu!"

The man spoke with a respectful voice.

3.9 "Yucai, what are you thinking?"

Jiang Chen smiled and spoke, Jiang Chen still had some admiration for the person in front of him.

This is the great man of this era.

During his lifetime, he has made significant contributions in many fields such as literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, introduction of basic science, and ancient book collation and research.

He has had a great influence on the ideological and cultural development of Chinese society, and is well-known in the world literary circles, especially in the ideological and cultural fields of Goryeo and island countries, and has an extremely important position and influence, and is known as "the writer who occupies the largest territory on the cultural map of East Asia in the 20th century".

It's not the first time the two have met, but except for this time, the others have not communicated in a hurry.

Today, the discussion had just ended, and Jiang Chen was about to go back to rest, but he happened to see a figure alone under the eaves, so he walked over.

"Sir, I may really be wrong, I attribute the backwardness of China to Chinese characters, I have never believed that Zhaojun will be able to protect the Sui by joining the army, nor do I believe in the ancient sayings of Daji Death Yin, Xi Shi Nuan Wu, and Yang Concubine Chaotang.

I thought that in a patriarchal society, women would never have such great power, and the responsibility for the rise and fall should be borne by men.

But the author of the man has always pushed the great sin of defeat on women, this is really a worthless and worthless man, and he has become such a person unconsciously.

"

With a bit of self-deprecation and a sigh, Mr. Yucai seemed to be in an emotion at this time.

(3rd Update).