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Two hundred fifty-nine - nuclear fusion device

There are three forms of nuclear reactions known to mankind, namely nuclear fission, nuclear fusion and nuclear decay.

Among them, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion can provide energy for human beings. According to Einstein's mass-energy equation E=mc^2, as long as there is mass decay before and after the nuclear reaction, it means that a certain amount of energy has been released.

The so-called nuclear fission is the loss of mass through the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei, thereby generating energy.

On the other hand, nuclear fusion is just the opposite. Light atomic nuclei are fused together to generate heavier atomic nuclei, and mass decay occurs, thereby generating energy.

The reason why nuclear fusion is better than nuclear fission is not only because the energy released by nuclear fusion is greater, but more importantly, the raw materials for nuclear fusion can be extracted from seawater. Deuterium is abundant in seawater on the earth, as many as 400,000 Billion tons, if all of them are used for fusion reactions, the energy released is enough for humans to use for tens of billions of years.

The common nuclear fission reaction raw material - uranium 235 reserves are scarce, and the nuclear waste produced will affect the geology for hundreds of years. Therefore, nuclear fission cannot be compared with nuclear fusion in terms of reserves, cleanliness and safety.

Therefore, nuclear fusion energy is an unlimited, clean and safe new energy that countless people yearn for.

Of course, nuclear fusion does not just refer to deuterium-tritium fusion. As long as it is an element smaller than iron in the periodic table, nuclear fusion can actually occur. The reason why humans choose only tritium and deuterium as fusion materials is because they undergo nuclear fusion. conditions are the simplest.

Compared with other elements, hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium have only one proton nucleus. The fusion reaction between tritium and deuterium only needs to overcome the repulsion between two protons, while other elements need to overcome a bunch of protons The previous repulsion and difficulty are not the same.

Now that he had decided on the next route to conquer nuclear fusion, Chen Chen returned to his office and found out the nuclear fusion reactor technology in the "Elysium" plane.

But after taking a few glances, Chen Chen frowned. He has been specializing in medicine and biology. Although he has a little understanding of nuclear physics, it is only superficial. At most, he knows more than ordinary people.

So, Chen Chen raised his head and said, "X, immediately compile a document that can quickly understand nuclear physics for me."

As he spoke, he took out a tin box of chewing gum, gently opened it, and immediately an NZT-48 flew into his mouth.

Then Chen Chen's expression cleared up in vain.

At the same time, Xiao X also quickly sorted out a list from shallow to deep,

Regarding the information about nuclear physics, Chen Chen checked the information about the nuclear reactor in the plane of "Elysium" while looking at the technical documents provided by Xiao X.

This time, Chen Chen could almost understand it.

"I didn't expect that there are more than one nuclear fusion reactor technologies used in the "Elysium" plane."

Chen Chen smiled, and opened the second blueprint, "Inertial Confinement Fusion Reactor and Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactor? It's incredible..."

"In fact, the mainstream of the continents of the Earth Federation is also these two."

Xiao X explained, "But if these technologies are subdivided, they can be divided into multiple branches, and there are even similar jokes circulating on the Internet..."

"What joke?" Chen Chen couldn't help asking.

"It is to divide various fusion-like branch technologies into nine DND camps on a granular and intuitive level, and each camp also has an anthropomorphic speech."

Xiao X explained, "For example, the imitation stellar device that represents 'lawful goodness', the anthropomorphic speech is: my heart and actions are as calm as stars, and everything I do is in a stable state."

"As for the neutral and kind magnetic world, the anthropomorphic speech is: there is no magnetism worth leaking, and there is no helium-3 to burn, because I will not be a reactor anymore!"

"There is also a chaotic and kind tokamak: plasma current, I will tell you again, don't do anything anymore!"

"Besides, there are spherical tokamaks that represent lawful neutrality, field-reversed configuration-constrained tokamaks that represent absolute neutrality, and magnetized target fusion that represent chaotic neutrality, etc..."

The more he talked about the back, the more excited Xiao X's tone became, "And the funniest thing is the laser fusion technology that represents chaos and evil—its anthropomorphic speech is: I fucking explode!"

"..."

Chen Chen looked up in astonishment, "X, did I hear you right, you're actually in GHS?"

"I, I don't have..."

Little X suddenly hesitated, "What kind of pornography is this? Humans are called pornography. I'm an intelligent life... Can intelligent life be called pornography? I'm playing tricks, nuclear physics Learning tricks!"

Chen Chen shook his head. He didn't care about this issue. He just kept in mind the change of Xiao X's increasingly human nature, and said again, "Now I basically understand why the development of nuclear fusion is more difficult than nuclear fission. Many, in fact, because the physical laws of the two reactions are different."

"The nuclei of nuclear fission have a large mass and are inherently unstable, so as long as the environment of normal temperature and pressure can achieve fission reaction, but nuclear fusion is different. To overcome the huge electrostatic repulsion between the nuclei, there is not enough energy or special If the environment breaks the critical point of this repulsive force, the atomic nuclei cannot be fused together."

"So, the key is to create a high-pressure, high-temperature environment, right?"

"Yes, it is."

Little X replied, "The most common nuclear fusion reaction in the universe is the sun. Due to its own mass, the sun can make the core form an ultra-high pressure of 200 billion atmospheres, plus a temperature of 15 million degrees, you can Fuse hydrogen atoms into helium atoms."

"However, if human beings want to achieve the same nuclear fusion on the earth, the conditions of ultra-high pressure cannot be achieved at all. Therefore, the current nuclear fusion devices of human beings need to work hard at high temperatures, and the core temperature needs to be changed from 1500 at the core of the sun. The 10,000 degrees must be increased to more than 100 million degrees."

"The most simple and direct method is to use a large number of energized coils to form a ring along the ring, so that it can generate a strong magnetic field to form a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor, and this device that can generate a sufficiently strong ring magnetic field is called It's called the 'tokmak device'."

"The other inertial confinement nuclear fusion reactor is to put a mixture of deuterium and tritium in milligrams into a small ball with a diameter of several millimeters, and inject a laser beam from the outside evenly. Evaporation, and by its reaction, the gas in the ball is squeezed and the pressure rises, accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature. When the temperature reaches the required ignition temperature, the gas in the ball explodes and produces a large amount of Heat!"

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