Into Unscientific

Chapter 252 Chaos, chaos, the entire 19th century is a mess! (7.4K)

Light.

A word that couldn't be simpler.

A phenomenon that is so common that it cannot be seen any more.

But it is a ray of fog that runs through the history of human science and is still confusing until the 22nd century.

Speaking of light, the wave-particle duality should first pop up in the minds of many people in later generations.

Then came Tiga Altman, and then the words interference and diffraction of light.

Actually.

Human beings' thinking about the nature of light has already appeared in BC.

For example in the ancient East.

People believe that the sun is the incarnation of gods, such as Xihe, Sun Lord, Dong Jun, and the Golden Crow shot down by Hou Yi, etc.

As for the ancient West, it was Empedocles' view that was popular at the beginning.

He believes that the world is composed of four elements: water, fire, air, and earth, and human eyes are ignited by the goddess Aphrodite with fire, and light also belongs to fire.

Plato, after Empedocles, believed that there were three different kinds of light.

Originating from the eye, the object being seen, and the light source itself, respectively.

As for vision, it is the result of the combined effect of the three.

After Plato, a lot of idealism such as Lucretius and Al Hassan appeared.

And when there are more thoughts, someone will naturally use practical means to verify the authenticity.

It's worth mentioning though.

For the first time in history, the literature with clear research records on light propagation does not come from the West, but the "Mo Jing" written by Chinese sages.

The "Mojing" was completed around the 14th year of King Zhou'an, which was 388 BC. There is a famous research case in it.

This case comes from "Mozi Jingshuo 43rd":

[Scenery, two lights sandwich one light, and one light is the scene. The people of Jingguang Xuruo shoot, those who are below are also high, and those who are tall are also below. When the foot is covered with light, the view is above; when the head is covered with light, the view is below. There is end and light in the distance, and it is also in the library of old scenery. 】

Scenery is shadow, which refers to the image of an object.

So this sentence means:

Like an arrow, light travels in a straight line.

The lower part of the human body blocks the direct light, which passes through the small hole and forms a shadow on the top.

The upper part of the human body blocks the direct light, passes through the small hole, and forms a shadow below, which becomes an inverted shadow.

This description of the macroscopic properties of light is completely consistent, and it is also the first scientific explanation for the propagation of light along a straight line.

Other than that.

The Mohists also knew another concept - that light is focused before a lens or concave mirror:

"There are ends and light in the distance, so the scene is also in the miasma."

Nei is Na, which means to gather at one point.

In the "Mojing", the focal point is often referred to as "positive" or "inner", so the Mohists at that time had also studied the principle of light gathering.

But unfortunately.

Due to the incompleteness of the ancient Chinese scientific system, in the subsequent development of optics, there are not many outstanding points in ancient China.

certainly.

This is not to say that no one studies optics in China, but that after the "Mojing", China cannot find a record of optical research that can be sorted into a timeline.

In the West, Euclid studied the reflection of light in the book "Reflection Optics", and Ptolemy supplemented the macroscopic properties of light.

Later came researchers like Kepler.

By 1621.

The Netherlandish physicist Neil summed up the law of refraction of light.

Then at about the same time.

Descartes first proposed this possibility in "Refractive Optics", one of the three appendices to his "Method":

Light is a kind of pressure, which propagates in the medium, and there is such a substance as ether in the world.

This is also the root of all evil in modern optics, a very important node.

now

since then.

Optics is like Sword Sect and Air Sect, there are two completely different factions.

First came the theory of volatility.

Now everyone recognizes that the wave theory was proposed by Huygens, but in fact, it was an Italian mathematician who first discovered the evidence of wave theory.

The man's name was Francisco Grimaldi.

At that time he did an experiment:

He let a beam of light pass through two small holes and found it on the screen in the dark room, and found an image with light and dark stripes at the edge of the projection.

So Grimaldi proposed that light may be a wave similar to water waves, which is the earliest light wave theory.

It's a pity that this mathematician has limited ability and cannot conduct further research. In the end, Huygens gave the complete definition of light for the first time:

Light is not a particle of matter, but a wave produced by the vibration of the medium.

As for the medium that propagates light, it is the 'ether' re-fired by Descartes.

After that, it was Hook who carried the flag, and the Mavericks brought up the matter that Moxie said.

It's worth mentioning though.

Although Maverick's particle theory and fluctuation theory can be regarded as life and death enemies, Maverick does not deny the "ether".

In the absolute space-time concept that Maverick originally insisted on, ether is the representative of absolute motion.

Even the later wheat did not break away from this circle. He introduced the concept of ether in electromagnetism, and tried to deduce the expression equation of ether in the inertial system in his later years.

Results 1887.

The British physicist Michelson and the chemist Morey used the "ether drift" experiment to deny the existence of ether, which shocked the entire scientific community for a long time—this is one of the two dark clouds mentioned earlier.

Classical physics has developed many correct results by relying on ether, but in the end, it suddenly found that the basis for deriving these results is wrong, don’t you think it’s evil?

Just like Rabbit used to develop stealth coatings for fighter jets back then, seeing the B2 flying across the sea without peeling off the paint every time, I thought they had mastered some black technology.

So the rabbits gritted their teeth and set up a project, aiming to catch up with that unknown technology, day and night.

As a result, the rabbits only found out after many years that the reason why the B2 skin does not peel off is because of the big krypton gold technique, and if it is broken, it will be mended.

Then the rabbits looked at the machines in their warehouse and fell into deep thought:

So what the fuck did I do.

all in all.

The ether thing is indeed evil. In the 21st century, there are still a large number of people who believe in its existence, and many of them are even Nobel Prize winners.

The topic is back to the original place.

The story of Huygens and beyond has been introduced before, so I won't repeat it here. (Modern optics is at the beginning of Chapter 210, and the copy is the number of water words, so you can go back there and have a look. The part with 210 added to this paragraph is almost the entire development history of optics. If you are interested, you can keep an eye on it. )

But in this timeline.

Influenced by Xu Yun, Mavericks is no longer as arbitrary as before, and corrected his wrong theory in time.

At the same time, it also led to a situation in the field of optics that Angus Roman said:

The theory of duality of light takes the initiative, but the core evidence of the particle theory is not much.

This is like the two holy places in a fantasy novel, one of which has a great emperor sitting in the current generation, and the emperor is unparalleled.

Although the strength of the other holy land is equally strong, it lacks the fighting power of the great emperor, and can only barely compete with the opponent by relying on the imperial weapon left by the ancestors.

So Angus Roman made such a calculation:

Didn't you say that Fat Yu left a biography? That's great. If you have the ability, you can produce evidence that can refute the wave theory.

And following Angus Roman's words, the atmosphere at the scene suddenly became a little weird.

In all fairness.

Angus Roman's request is undoubtedly a bit difficult, but his hat is too clever.

After a series of legitimate statements, at least in this public place, Xu Yun was forced to an embarrassing situation where he had to answer.

Of course.

The word embarrassment is defined by Angus Roman and other bystanders, as for Xu Yun.

At this time, his cheeks were slightly bulging, and the back molars were biting the flesh on the inner wall of the tongue cavity, trying not to laugh out loud.

be honest.

He really wanted to rush off the stage and run up to this senior Roman and give him a grateful hug.

Although the opponent's purpose was to demolish his own platform, in fact he hit the wrong way and did himself a big favor.

It is no exaggeration to say.

This is a big favor that might even dictate the direction of the quest score!

Tears.jpg.

And just when Xu Yun was holding back his laughter, a whisper suddenly came from his side:

"Luo Feng, how about it, can you do it?"

Xu Yun turned his head and found William Whewell looking at him.

It is clear.

The first question he answered correctly, although it was not completely convincing that he was the descendant of Fat Fish.

But in the eyes of William Whewell, his credibility has also improved a lot.

Seeing this, Xu Yun pondered for a moment, quickly glanced at the scene, and slightly nodded at William Whewell:

"President Whewell, the ancestors did leave relevant records, and I remember them all."

William Whewell's pupils shrank suddenly, and a premonition that something big was about to happen faintly appeared in his heart.

If Xu Yun is saying hello, it's okay to say, but if what he said is true

But if he can easily come up with a theory to refute the wave theory, he must have a deep understanding of physics. Why can't he even come up with an elementary diploma?

Is it really lost?

Thinking about it.

William Whewell remembered Xu Yun's first answer again.

With this answer to increase his holdings, his confidence in Xu Yun's identity is now maintained at about 65%

This is obviously not a value that can be safely placed on the table.

but

William Whewell quickly glanced down the stage, and his eyes passed over the professors who were sitting upright.

Prem is coming aggressively today, if this old coin is not shot, it will be a set of combo punches.

He can guarantee it.

Among the old professors in the audience, some of them must have been bought by Prim.

If Xu Yun couldn't withstand the pressure, someone would stand up generously next time, relying on their seniority to attack again.

At that time, the point of contradiction will not be Xu Yun, but himself.

Think here.

William Whewell took a deep breath, and a flash of determination flashed in his eyes.

He turned his head and said to Xu Yun:

"Student Luo Feng, tell me, how do you want me to cooperate with you?"

"The current situation. I hope you know it in your heart."

Xu Yun nodded, approached William Whewell, and whispered a few words in a voice that could be heard by readers:

"Mr. Dean, I need a flashlight, an electrolytic cell, a selenium cylinder, three convex lenses, a half mirror, a rotating mirror and"

"In addition, a one-meter-wide field is required, and the straight line length is not less than five kilometers, and the test cannot be carried out until night."

William Whewell ignored the noisy scene and just stood on the stage quietly listening to Xu Yun's words.

Then he glanced at the young man, stepped off the stage quickly, and spoke to Prince Albert.

Prince Albert was slightly taken aback, but nodded anyway.

After William Whewell finished speaking, he bowed to him, turned and left the scene.

Seeing William Whewell turn around and leave, the discussions at the scene became much louder.

Albert saw that he stood up from his seat and said to everyone:

"Students, please be quiet!"

"Dean Whewell has just guaranteed Luo Feng, and Trinity College will be responsible for providing the experimental equipment Luo Feng needs."

"Although these devices are relatively easy to prepare, the experimental environment is quite special, and we need to wait until after dark, so please don't get too excited for now."

"The whole experiment will be open to the public at that time. Interested students can just wait on the side of the road after having dinner."

After speaking, he glanced at Angus Roman who was still standing, and asked:

"Student Roman, do you have any objections?"

Angus Roman was vaguely in a daze at this moment, he was shocked when he heard the words, shook his head and said:

"No problem, Your Highness, just follow your instructions."

His task is to make the topic bigger. Although Xu Yun's actions cannot immediately embarrass Whewell, once Xu Yun's demonstration fails, the public opinion will be reversed countless times!

Seeing that Angus Roman was quite sensible, Albert nodded slightly and continued:

"Then everyone, take it easy for now. Next, Mr. Knowles, the dean of Peter College, will temporarily replace Dean Whewell to preside over the hymn singing at the opening ceremony!"

After Albert's words fell, an old man with silver hair stood up in the first row.

The old man walked slowly onto the stage and took over the on-site command.

Xu Yun saluted very tactfully, and quickly returned to his seat.

Compared to when I was on stage.

At this time, Xu Yun's gazes were more focused and sharper at the same time.

Although today's physics is still subordinate to chemistry, its importance has begun to show signs of faintly.

Other colleges do not say.

At least in the four theological schools on site, except for the theological students studying hard for a theology degree, most of them have mastered...or understood the theoretical disputes at the forefront of the scientific world today.

Since more than a hundred years ago, a large number of physicists have been trying to find the core evidence of the particle theory.

It's just that the results have always been unsatisfactory.

As a result, at the opening ceremony, Xu Yun said that he could produce evidence to refute the wave theory?

The combination of such unreasonable remarks and the identity of the "offspring of fat fish" immediately makes people question, and at the same time, another thought will arise in their hearts more or less:

Maybe what he said was true?

What if he really is a descendant of Fat Fish?

That's a strange man that even Sir Newton would admire

In this state of mind.

The students' minds had already flown thousands of miles away. Many people were obviously absent-minded in the follow-up part of the opening ceremony, and the hasty coping was over.

After the ceremony, the students routinely dismissed the meeting and left in an orderly manner.

Of course.

Except for Xu Yun.

Accompanied by (jian) (shi) several cadres of the Students' Federation, he came to a small shed to wait for the night to fall.

at the same time.

On the road from Trinity College to King's College, a strip area with a length of more than five kilometers was vacated.

This area was sealed off with a waist-high blockade, which attracted a large number of students to stop and watch, and there was a lot of discussion.

"Hey Rupp, do you know what this is for? A running race?"

"I can't make it!"

"I've heard a little bit about it. It's rumored that the oriental man who went through the back door can write 30,000 words in a day if he wants to perform."

There are many people who are puzzled about the closed area, but likewise, there are also many students who have participated in the opening ceremony.

Therefore, under the spread of witnesses, a piece of news quickly swept through Cambridge University:

The descendant of the legendary 'Fat Fish' will present a piece of evidence to refute the wave theory tonight!

Another half hour passed.

"Luo Feng."

Thomson, who rushed over after receiving the news, strode into the shed. As a candidate for the president of the Student Union, it is not difficult for him to pass the trial:

"Luo Feng, I heard from Maxwell, can you produce strong evidence to refute the wave theory?"

Looking at Thomson who was still breathing, Xu Yun felt a little warm in his heart:

"That's right."

"Are you sure?"

"Of course there is."

Thomson looked at Xu Yun seriously for a while, then nodded slightly:

"That's good."

Both he and Mai Mai had personally experienced that night attack, and their understanding and trust in Xu Yun were much higher than ordinary people.

Don't say anything else.

Just because Xu Yun was able to read his own Morse code during the night raid, Thomson was sure that Xu Yun was definitely not the kind of illiterate who hadn't even received elementary education.

There was not much tension on Xu Yun's face now, and Thomson naturally had some relief in his heart.

after an hour.

In the small shed, another person appeared.

Michael Faraday.

In Xu Yun's later life, a certain girl group once released a popular song, in which there is a line that everyone is familiar with:

【You are electricity, you are light, you are the only myth】.

From this lyric, it is not difficult to see that there is an inseparable relationship between electricity and light.

Therefore, as the soul of the second industrial revolution, Faraday naturally has a very in-depth study of Guangxu.

For example, he discovered in 1845 that polarization rotation occurs when polarized light passes through a transparent medium to which a magnetic field is applied.

This phenomenon came to be known as the Faraday effect, and it was the first discovery of the relationship between light and electromagnetism.

Then in 1846.

Faraday also speculated that the light might be some form of perturbation derived along the magnetic field lines.

1847.

Faraday proposed that light is a high-frequency electromagnetic vibration that can be derived without a medium.

If you extend the time from the perspective of future generations, you will also find that.

It was based on this theory that wheat discovered the phenomenon that self-generated electromagnetic waves would propagate at a constant speed.

At the same time, this speed is exactly equal to the speed of light, so the conclusion that light is an electromagnetic wave is drawn.

Knowing that Xu Yun can produce evidence to refute the wave theory, can Faraday calm down?

So after entering the shed, his first words were:

"Student Luo Feng, is what you said true? Can you produce evidence to refute the wave theory?"

Looking at this handsome old man with stiff features, Xu Yun's eyes showed a faint reverence, and he affirmed:

"Yes, Mr. Faraday, the ancestor of the fat fish accidentally discovered some phenomena in the process of studying electrolysis."

"After further research, he discovered something, uh, very interesting."

Faraday raised his eyebrows:

"Something interesting?"

Xu Yun nodded, feeling a turmoil in his heart.

The current dungeon world line is already a bit crooked, so

Just add fire to yourself, and let the scientific community make another mess!

Think here.

Xu Yun couldn't help taking a deep breath, and said to Faraday:

"Professor Faraday, before the experiment begins, I would like to ask you a question."

Faraday glanced at him and motioned him to speak:

"Say it."

"How fast is light?"

"The speed of light?"

Faraday blinked. Although he didn't know why Xu Yun asked this question, he quickly said:

"212,000 kilometers per second, this is the value calculated by Mr. Huygens. It is also the answer that is currently accepted by the academic community."

"In addition, Mr. Newton also proposed in "Optics" that light can travel through the earth 16.6 times in one second, which is also close to this number when converted."

Xu Yun glanced at the handsome old man, was silent for a moment, then slowly shook his head:

"Unfortunately, Mr. Faraday, this value is wrong."

Farah was stunned for the first time:

"wrong?"

Xu Yun turned his head, glanced at the scene that had been arranged, and smiled slightly at Faraday:

"Yes, Mr. Faraday, so the first mistake we are going to correct tonight, is"

"The speed of light."