Into Unscientific

This moment.

Inside the lounge.

After listening to Hou Guangjiong's introduction.

Lao Guo, Li Jue, Qian Bingqiong and others also had a preliminary understanding of the whole thing.

Then Lao Guo looked around the scene and asked Hou Guangjiong:

"By the way, Professor Hou, where are those rice plants now?"

".It's a male sterile plant."

Hou Guangjiong first corrected Lao Guo's statement, then turned around and said to Yuan Guoliang:

"Xiao Yuan, go and fetch the box."

Yuan Guoliang said yes, walked quickly to the side, and brought back a small iron box locked with a copper lock.

Then he took out a key from his body and carefully opened the box, revealing the inside:

This is a rice sample that has been encapsulated in a transparent plastic film. There are obvious cracks at the flower spikes-the cracks mainly exist on the left, but the right is relatively normal.

After the box is opened.

Hou Guangjiong gently pinched the plastic film to pick up the sample, and said to Lao Guo and others:

"Director Guo, this is the sample we got."

"Look, the little head on the left that is obviously split is a sterile male plant, and there is no pollen in it."

"The one on the right is a female plant with normal development, which can normally receive foreign pollen for cultivation. You see, here is the bud head."

Old Guo Wenyan leaned forward and took a look.

really.

The situation is indeed consistent with what Hou Guangjiong said.

The slit on the left side is very awkward, and not even a single pollen can be seen inside.

Although his major is fluid mechanics and aerospace.

But rice is a hermaphroditic crop, and he is very familiar with the knowledge that male plants are pollinated and grown—he even went to the field to plant rice when he was a child.

A male plant without pollen is like a man without that, unable to carry out the teaching behavior of giving everything.

Then Lao Guo casually knocked twice on the small iron box with his index finger, and asked Hou Guangjiong:

"Director Hou, have you prepared your specific breeding plan? ——If I remember correctly, the hybrid breeding plan seems to be quite complicated?"

Although Hou Guangjiong had previously given Lao Guo a time limit for cultivating hybrid rice, this was more of an expected plan.

To truly implement this plan, it is obvious that a more detailed breeding plan is required.

Lao Guo doesn't know much about rice hybridization, but he has seen hybrid corn when he was across the sea, and he knows that the customization of this scheme is very complicated-the Caltech he studied at is an important experimental institution for hybrid corn.

Facing the questions raised by Lao Guo.

Hou Guangjiong shook his head lightly.

I saw him carefully put the sample back into the box while explaining:

"Not yet. After all, Director Guo, we just got the sample of this strain, and we have to study many things from scratch."

"In addition, it may take some time to implement the attitude of the higher-ups. We can only say that we have a general idea, but it is obviously impossible to come up with a specific plan immediately."

Old Guo nodded clearly.

So did he guess.

before today.

The concept of male sterile wild rice only exists on the theoretical side, and the top management may not say that they don't pay attention to it, but they really didn't put this matter too high.

If not.

Yuan Guoliang and Zhou Kaida didn't need to contact Hou Guangjiong when they found the plant, and they didn't need to get Yang Kaiqu, an old academician, to contact the capital.

Now Yang Kaiqu will appear at the base.

One is because the male sterile wild rice is indeed his lifelong obsession, and he has spent more than 30 years just to find this kind of sample.

Even if there is only a countdown to the last few months left in his life, he must settle this matter in person.

The second is.

He is using his spare energy to 'increase' the value of hybrid rice—a member of the academic department who is about to die, no matter what psychology the organization has, he must respond.

And with the strategic vision of those big shots in the capital.

As long as they have a preliminary understanding of the concept of male sterile wild rice, they will immediately realize the importance of this project.

In a sense.

This kind of behavior is similar to that of the ancient courtiers trying to show their ambitions. Unless the emperor is fooled by this kind of remonstrance, the monarch must express his concern.

In fact.

in the original history.

Mr. Yang Kaiqu also used this method of using himself as a 'chip', and just now the winter water field in Sichuan Province has received organizational attention, and its influence has been beneficial to future generations until 2023.

Open the canal and open the canal, people live up to their name.

It transports living water and benefits the common people.

".The specific plan has not been specified yet?"

After getting Hou Guangjiong's answer.

Lao Guo was silent for a moment, then suddenly turned his head to look at Xu Yun who was at the side, and asked him:

"In that case, Comrade Han Li, do you have any thoughts or opinions on the hybrid rice breeding program?"

Swish——

The voice just fell.

The gazes of Hou Guangjiong, Yuan Guoliang, Zhou Kaida and others locked onto Xu Yun in the wheelchair at the same time, and a hint of surprise appeared on their faces.

to be honest.

Among Lao Guo and his group, the first thing they noticed was Xu Yun, after all he was in a wheelchair.

It's just because of age, Yang Kaiqu and the others originally thought that this young man in a wheelchair was just an assistant.

But now it seems.

He doesn't seem to be an ordinary dragon?

Could it be.

Comrades from the Agriculture and Food Center of the base?

Or the management of the agricultural sideline team?

And the other side.

Xu Yun was also a little surprised by Lao Guo's question.

But soon.

He understood Lao Guo's thoughts:

He had previously proposed a nutritional plan for black soldier fly larvae. In the plan for exchanging cola for winter wheat, he also mentioned some of the characteristics of winter wheat many times.

Xu Yun's cognition in food is at least much higher than that of Lao Guo and others who are pure science and engineering men.

in addition

In fact, even if Lao Guo didn't speak, Xu Yun originally wanted to interject a few words.

After all, this is Yuan Guoliang and Zhou Kaida

Then he took a deep breath and adjusted his mentality.

Try not to let your eyes look at Yuan Guoliang and Zhou Kaida, but ask Hou Guangjiong calmly:

"Professor Hou, I don't know which method you plan to use for plant breeding? Two-line method? Or three-line method?"

Yang Kaiqu's eyes lit up when he heard the words, and there was a hint of surprise in his eyes:

"Comrade, have you heard of the Three Lines of Law?"

Xu Yun nodded:

"I heard it a little bit."

joke.

As a Ph.D. in genetics biology.

If Xu Yun didn't even understand the three systems of law, then he could almost be nailed to the pillar of shame like a certain Dr. Zhai.

three series.

This concept was first proposed in 1947 by the American geneticist Hills.

The so-called "three lines".

It refers to male sterile lines, male sterile maintainer lines, and male sterile restorer lines.

The male sterile line is exactly what it means. It is a kind of rice with normal stamens, degenerated male lychees, and self-fertilization, that is, the males have no reproductive ability. Gays and stamens and male lychees can bow their heads to understand, and lesbians can see if they are female drivers. up.

This sterility characteristic can be passed on to the next generation.

Keep it up.

It is rice with normal pistils and stamens, that is, capable of self-pollination and fruiting.

It can pollinate the sterile line to make it fruity, but the offspring still maintain the sterile male sterility.

With the maintainer line, the sterile characteristics of the sterile line can be maintained from generation to generation, which is a very important series in the whole process.

Restoration is better understood.

Recovery refers to the return to normal function, that is, the stamens and pistils are fine, and the rice can be self-pollinated and fruity.

Its pollen is given to the seeds obtained by the sterile line, which has normal fertility and restores male fertility.

The resulting plants are hybrid rice plants that can self-fertilize.

The offspring of the "sterile line" and the "maintainer line" have a large proportion of sterile offspring, which can be used to continue breeding the "sterile line".

When the "sterile line" is mated with normal rice, that is, the restorer line, hybrid rice seeds with excellent properties can be obtained.

Very simple and very easy to understand.

So what is difficult about this technology is not the theoretical basis, but how to realize it in breeding.

Later Yuan Guoliang was not the first to put forward this theory on a global scale, but he was the first to implement this theory into reality.

This is like a curvature engine.

In 1994, Alcubieri proposed the Alcubieri metric, which completely describes the curvature engine mathematically, but now you see who made the curvature engine?

Of course.

Whether it is Yuan Guoliang right now, or Hou Guangjiong and Zhou Kaida.

Obviously, they have not yet fully summarized the relevant theories of the three-system law.

So Xu Yun thought about it.

Decide

Another jio kick at history's ass.

So he paused, and said to Hou Guangjiong:

"Professor Hou, if I'm right."

"The next thing you should do is to collect the seeds of this male sterile plant and cultivate it as the female parent of the sterile line?"

"Then plant the restorer line samples alternately, let them meet at flowering stage, and then artificially pollinate?"

Hou Guangjiong nodded:

"That's right."

This is a standard step in hybrid corn, and no matter what the final plan for hybrid rice is, this step will definitely not escape.

But soon.

The next sentence that came out of Xu Yun's mouth made Hou Guangjiong stunned:

"In that case, Professor Hou, I wonder if you have considered a more detailed technology?"

"."

Hou Guangjiong blinked and asked:

"What refined technology?"

Seeing this, Xu Yun stretched out his left and right hands, and simultaneously made a gesture of '1' with the two index fingers of both hands in the air.

Then put the two index fingers together first, and then separated by a distance:

"Two exceptional genes were isolated."

Seeing that Hou Guangjiong didn't speak.

Xu Yun shook his left index finger twice, and explained:

"The first gene is the pollen lethal gene, which is in the pollen or the gametophyte, and it kills the pollen or the gametophyte."

Then he shook his right index finger again:

"The other gene is the fertility restoration gene, which is a dominant gene."

"As long as there is this gene, the sporophyte can produce pollen, and the individual is fertile."

"If you think about it carefully, what would happen if a fertility restorer gene and a pollen lethal gene were introduced into the male male sterile line?"

Hou Guangjiong was taken aback again.

A few seconds passed.

Suddenly his pupils shrank, he picked up the paper and pen from the table, and hurriedly wrote on the calculation paper:

"Assume that the male male sterile line is rr, the fertility restorer gene is R, and the pollen lethal gene is F"

"Then the offspring will have two types F-R and F-r"

"And then"

"Mom?!"

Write and write.

Hou Guangjiong's pen tip paused for an instant, and he raised his head in astonishment, and looked at Xu Yun:

"Comrade Han Li, the method you mentioned... can select high-quality genes?!"

Xu Yun nodded heavily.

at the same time.

He still calmly glanced at Yuan Guoliang, who was also shocked.

Boss, please forgive me for copying homework or2

well known.

The hybrid rice that Yuan Guoliang and the others later bred is strictly speaking the full name of "the first generation of hybrid rice technology".

The yield per mu of this technology is not low, but it is unstable. In the initial planting process, there were actually some bad harvests.

So improved.

Yuan Guoliang's team has successively optimized the second-generation hybrid rice technology, as well as the most advanced .

The third generation of hybrid rice technology.

The principle of this technique is actually quite simple.

As Xu Yun said above, the pollen lethal gene and fertility restoration gene were introduced during the breeding process.

That is, the pollen lethal gene F and the fertility restorer gene R closely linked to F are introduced into the male sterility line rr.

In this way.

A new fertile maintainer line, namely F-R or F-r, can be obtained by screening.

But this is only a matter of probability.

Actually.

The F-R pollen in it cannot survive due to the pollen lethal gene, so the maintainer line will only produce

r-type pollen.

At the same time.

The maintainer line F-R/r is self-crossed and can produce offspring of two different genotypes:

F-R/r type maintainer line, rr type sterile line.

throughout the process.

The pollen lethal gene will kill the pollen carrying the exogenous fertility gene, so that the hybrid offspring will not contain transgenic elements.

That is to directly avoid the tearing of genetically modified foods.

In other words.

This is a magical technology that uses the principle of genetically modified technology, but does not actually contain genetically modified genes.

According to the actual acceptance of later generations.

This rice breeding technology will make the utilization rate of heterosis resources reach more than 95%, far exceeding the 39.7% of the first generation.

It can only be said that in farming, the rabbits are really talented

The line of sight returns to reality.

This moment.

Hearing Xu Yun's introduction, Hou Guangjiong's heart was already filled with the surprise of discovering a new world.

Divide genes into two types?

This tmd also works?

But soon.

Hou Guangjiong suppressed the shock a little, pondered for a moment, and asked Xu Yun:

"Comrade Little Han, right?"

"I have to admit that the theory you mentioned is really attractive, but how can we separate the two genes?"

"After all, the DNA double helix structure was proposed less than ten years ago. It seems difficult to do this with our current technology, right?"

"That's right."

Xu Yun nodded calmly when he heard the words, and said:

"It is true that there is no technology that can isolate genes at a fixed point in the current scientific community, but we can do it ourselves."

"Back then, there was a scientist named Ace Yabo in the Fenglingyueying Society. This person liked to do some grafting experiments."

"He once put forward an idea - can we use electrophoresis to sequence the fragments that exist in the base reaction, and then use polyacrylamide to locate it?"

"If the location of the pollen lethal gene can be analyzed, it can be mediated to the T-DNA of rice through Agrobacterium."

DNA.

The time when this thing was discovered was actually very early.

As early as 1869, it was discovered by a doctor named Friedrich Michel.

But it was not until after World War II that the biological community really began to pay attention and produce results.

For example eight years ago.

Watson had just discovered the double helix structure of DNA - a well-known tear in the history of biology also occurred in this process, even when Xu Yun traveled through it, it still didn't stop.

Some groups have also brought this into the rhythm of the Nobel Prize's discrimination against women, thanks to the fact that this is not a Chinese award.

all in all.

Genetic separation, which can be easily accomplished by a college in later generations, is more difficult in this period.

Up to now.

There is only one substance that has been successfully sequenced.

that is

insulin protein.

Later. That is, the second tRNA sequenced, it will be 64 years later

But that's why.

The basic DNA sequencing positioning is a situation that no one can do in this period, but from the perspective of God, there are actually no obvious barriers to technology.

In addition, it is not difficult to see from the paper 10.13271/j.mpb.013.001201.

The rice pollen lethal gene only needs to determine the bases of 11 lactose inhibitor binding sites.

This is essentially the same level of technical requirements as the binding end sequencing of bacteriophage lambda DNA 7 years later—in fact, it is even lower.

That is, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is used to determine the size of the fragments present in each base reaction.

The DNA fragments were then separated by single-base resolution, and one labeled gel per base was placed on X-ray film.

In this way.

The film produces a trapezoidal image.

Finally, the sequence of the fragment can be read from it, and four markers are raised according to the size, and the order of the bases is estimated.

Even if this technology is at the current domestic technological level, it can still easily meet the standards.

Indeed.

This analysis can take a long time.

Half a year, ten months, one year, or even two years are possible—the sequencing of insulin protein took more than one year in that year.

But don't forget.

The cultivation of the first and second generations of rice also takes at least two years, which means that the two are actually not in conflict.

It is very likely that the second generation of rice is bred, and the sequencing and positioning here will be completed.

More critically.

Once the rabbits have tasted the sweetness brought by DNA sequencing.

So

Will PCR technology be far behind?

To know.

This is the most basic and routine experimental method in the field of modern life science research, not even one of them!

Just as Lifan was divided into Tifa and Tifa before it appeared, the segmentation point of gene sequencing is PCR technology.

It is not an exaggeration to say.

Its appearance opened up an upsurge in molecular biology research, marked the post-epoch of life science research, and brought great convenience to life science research and clinical testing.

In Xu Yun's later life, there have been three iterations of PCR technology.

In the first generation of PCR, Roche and ABI, the two giants of Thermo Fisher, appeared.

The second generation of fluorescent quantitative PCR Bole suddenly emerged, and the three giants stand together.

The third generation of digital PCR Bole takes the lead.

Although many domestic manufacturers such as XA Tianlong, HZ Bori, and Likang are catching up, the gap is still obvious.

For example, most of the tubes of a few microliters used for PCR need to be imported, and only domestic tubes are used for enzyme digestion.

In the context of the era of 2023.

Some foreign manufacturers are already doing tentative neck-blocking moves, and they will give you restrictions when they are not guaranteed.

So this is a rare opportunity right now

Why do you think Xu Yun let it go?

Besides, regardless of the issue of domestic imports, this is a market worth tens of billions of dollars.

And at the same time that Xu Yun was outputting hard on History's ass again.

The chemical center in the base.

Liu Youcheng, who had just prepared a bucket of local donkey topping juice, was looking at the recipes in front of him in a daze:

"Ginger Coke. What the hell is this?"

Note:

I have a question for help. In July, a classmate who I haven’t seen for more than ten years came back from abroad. I planned to invite him to eat barbecue at home, so I bought an M9+ with a lot of money, which costs 700 yuan per catty (so I am very diligent in coding recently, Expensive).

The texture of the beef is very good, but when I try to roast it, there will be a lot of blood, which makes the taste very strange. When I eat it in a Japanese food store, it is not as good as this quality. Does the old driver know what happened? An electric grill was used.